![]() ![]() Thereby, the pressure, that acts on the femoral head in the acetabulum, is higher. In a larger than normal FAA, the lever arm between the center of the femoral head and the greater trochanter is shortened ( 14). It is important biomechanically in the transfer of forces from the femur to the acetabulum ( 14). It indicates the degree of torsion of the femoral neck and head cranially and represents external rotation of the femoral neck and head relative to the distal femur ( 11– 13). The FAA is defined as the angle formed by the intersection of the axis of the femoral neck and the transcondylar axis of the femur, which is the axis parallel to the medial and lateral posterior edges of the condyles in the condylar plane ( 4). ![]() It plays an important role in the assessment of the health of the hip joint due to its involvement in the development of coxarthrosis in dogs ( 1, 10). The femoral anteversion angle (FAA) is a significant and frequently used measure for understanding the orientation of the proximal end of the femur ( 7– 9). The hind limb is frequently affected by several orthopedic diseases, such as hip dysplasia especially in medium and large dog breeds ( 1– 6). The data suggest that a prosthesis FAA of 31 degrees would be suitable for a wide range of dog sizes. There were no significant mean difference associations between the length of the femur and the femoral neck angle in either group ( P > 0.05). The CT measurements showed that the mean ± standard deviation (SD) FAA of group I was 31.34 ± 5.47° and in group II it was 31.02 ± 4.95°. The data were processed as multi-planar and three-dimensional reconstructions using Advantage Workstation software. In the study the femoral anteversion angle (FAA) was measured on each femur using multi-slice spiral computed tomography (CT). Based on the length of their femora 58 dogs were allocated either to group I: ≤195 mm or group II: >195 mm. The aim of the current study was to obtain precise normal values of the femoral anteversion angle using computed tomography on cadavers of mature dogs with normal hip joints of both medium and large breeds. To promote the development of an optimally functional total hip prosthesis for medium and large dog breeds, accurate measurements of the normal anatomy of the proximal femur and acetabular retroversion are essential. 4Department of Veterinary Science, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.3Department of Veterinary Medicine, Small Animal Clinic, Freie University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.2College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.1Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.Ahmad Al Aiyan 1 * Ken Richardson 2 George Manchi 3 Mário Ginja 4 Leo Brunnberg 3 ![]()
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